"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distanceīetween Earth and the Moon. All sales support STEM science.Īll sales support hands-on STEM education Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the edge of space. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Here's one flying 107,400 feet above Earth on Aug. That's how you make an Earth to Sky Rose Quartz Heart Pendant. Wrap it in a sterling silver sunflower filigree. ROSE QUARTZ HEART PENDANT: Take a heart shaped piece of rose quartz. More images: from Thomas Spence of Tofte, Minnesota from David Reker of Madeline Island, Lake Superior from David Reker of Redcliff, Wisconsin Sky watchers in all northern-tier US states should be alert for auroras. With solar wind speeds nearing 700 km/s, this storm could continue for hours. The auroras were very visible to the naked eye." "This is just a single image-not a composite. "The sky exploded with dancing shapes and pillars as my son and daughter-in-law enjoyed the light show," says Ash. Greg Ash sends this picture from Ely, Minnesota: Auroras have crossed the Canadian border into multiple US states. 4th as Earth enters a high-speed stream of solar wind flowing from a large hole in the sun's atmosphere. GEOMAGNETIC STORM UNDERWAY-NOW: A G2-class geomagnetic storm is underway on Sept. The reason, explains Eric Berger in a new article for Ars Technica, is that the Artemis rocket is largely cobbled together from pieces of the finicky shuttle program. Anyone who ever attended a shuttle launch-only to have it scrubbed in the final minutes of countdown-may be feeling a sense of déjà vu watching Artemis try to get off the launch pad. WHY IS ARTEMIS SO TRICKY TO LAUNCH? Blame the space shuttle. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining-a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays. Credit: SDO/HMIĬosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Omega offers greater spectral resolution and a superior signal-to-noise ratio for global coverage of Mars, whereas Crism offered high-resolution spectral imaging of the surface (down to 15 m/pixel) for highly localised areas of Mars.Sunspot AR3089 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. The second is that, without living activities on Earth, Mars displays a variety of mineralogy in geological settings in a manner similar to that of Earth,” he continued in the the statement made public by the ESA.Įarth scientists surveyed the planet using information from the Omega instrument on Mars Express and the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on MRO. We observe a huge diversity of geological contexts, therefore the history of Mars’ mineralogy cannot be explained by a single method or straightforward timeframe. “The transition from a lot of water to none is not as straightforward as we formerly believed the water didn’t merely stop flowing. While many Martian salts likely formed later than the clays, the map demonstrates numerous instances where salts and clays were intimately mixed together and some salts that were thought to be older than some clays. The new map, though, shows something different. Geologists are currently debating whether water existed continuously or only during brief, strong bursts.Īccording to John Carter, scientists once believed that only a small number of clay mineral types on Mars were produced during rainy conditions. Aqueous minerals have been discovered everywhere across the globe, proving that water was present on Mars and that it had a significant impact on the geology of the entire planet.
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